Swaging-machine.



s. z. DE FERRANTI. SWAGIN G MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 22,1907. 972,831, I Patented Oct. 18,1910.

3 SHEETSSHEET 1.'

In v e, far,

THE NORRIS PETERS cq., WASHINGTON, B. c

S. Z. DE FERRANTI.

SWAGING MACHINE. APPLICATION FILED JULY 22, 1907.

Patented Oct. 18, 1910.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

THE naRRls PETERS cm, WASHINGTON, 0. c1

S. Z. DE FERRANTI.

' SWAGINGMAGHINE. APPLICATION nun JULY 22, 1907 Patented Oct. 18,1910.

1n: NORRIS PETERS c0. wasnmcrmv, m c.

SATES AT T FFTQE SEBASTIAN ZIANI DE FERRANTI, OF GRINDLEFORD BRIDGE, NEAR SHEFFIELD,

- ENGLAND.

SWAGING-MACHIN E.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Oct. 18, 1910.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, SEBASTIAN ZIANI on FERRANTI, a subject of the King of Great Britain and Ireland, and residing at Grindleford Bridge, near Sheffield, England, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Swaging-Machines, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates especially to improvements in machines for manufacturing blades for turbines, turbo-pumps and the like, such machines being also applicable to the production of metal strips of other cross section.

The primary object of the invention is the production of blades having one or more of their edges of such an extreme degree of fineness as to render the processes of drawing, rolling and so forth at present in use unsuitable for their manufacture. My invention, however, is equally well adapted to the production of blades other than those referred to above as having extremely fine edges, since the smooth and polished surface necessary to minimize frictional losses, whether superficial or produced by eddies,

is directly secured by my machine during the actual operation of shaping the blade and thus the subsidiary buffing or other polishing operations so often required in connection with rolling or drawing processes in order to remove the resulting longitudinal ridges or grooves, are dispensed with. Further, bladmg produced by rolling or drawing is apt to be bent, and it then requires straightening, a process which is liable to produce distortion of the cross section; this difficulty is also overcome by the use of my invention.

In carrying the invention into effect according to one form as applied for example in connection with the production of turbine blades, the strip material is first roughed out by any suitable process such as drawing, rolling or otherwise, to a section approximating to that ultimately desired, except that it is narrower and thicker. The rough strip is then annealed and subjected, preferably cold or nearly so, to a series of step-by-step swaging operations between dies working under an extremely high pressure, the dies being relatively long as compared with the corresponding pressure areas used in rolling or drawing, so as to provide a suitable resistance to longitudinal fiow of the material. The dies must, further, be of special hardness to enable them to stand the severe stresses involved and should be finished with a very smooth and bright surface. The effect of the swaging operations is thus on the one hand to cause transverse flow of the strip, thereby producing the fine or sharp edges desired, and on the other hand to condense or compress the material so as to render it extremely hard and at the same time to render its surface very smooth and polished. Finally, the finished strip may be out into blades of the desired length by any suitable means.

I will now describe by way of example, a form of machine adapted to carry certain of the above steps into efieot, reference being made for this purpose to the accompanying drawing which forms part of the specification and of which,

Figure 1 shows an end and Fig. 2 a side View partly in section of a suitable form of machine, Fig. 3 being a detail elevation of a part of the toggle mechanism taken as a section on the line A B of Fig. 1. Fig. 4 shows a side view of the swaging and clamping dies, Fig. 5 being a section on the line A B of Fig. 4, looking on the swaging die and Fig. 6 an end view looking on the clamping die; Fig. 7 shows a detail of the clamping mechanism as it would appear in Fig. l with the feed gear therein shown removed, while finally Figs. 8 and 8 show details of the clamp-operating cam and co-acting lever.

According to the form of machine shown, by way of example, in these drawings, a main frame, 0, is provided in which a'irotatable shaft, 03, is mounted, this shaft carrying a fiy-wheel, e, and being driven by any suitable means such, for instance, as the belt pulleys, f, shown in Fig. 1.

The upper member, bi, of the toggle is pivoted about the axis, 2', the position of which can be adjusted bymeans of the wedge piece, is, and hand wheel, m, shown in Fig. 2. Attached to the upper toggle member, 72;, is an arm or rocker, n, the free end of which is linked to a crank, 0, on the shaft, 03, by the connecting rod, 1'. Adjustable links, 5, pivotally connected on the one hand to the upper toggle member, /t, and on the other hand to the die carrier, t, serve to lift the latter element on the up-stroke of the machine while the lower toggle member, a, interposed between the upper member, h, and the top of the die carrier, 6, serves to transmit the whole power of the machine to the dies on the down or swaging stroke. A set screw it, keeps the part carrying the pivot, 71, against the wedge, is, on the up stroke of the machine. Guides, 1), of strong construction and conveniently forming part of the main frame, 0, serve to define the motion of the die carrier and thus prevent any possibility of side motion due to unsymmetrical blade sections. The position of certain parts of the mechanism at about the beginning of the down stroke is indicated by chain lines in Figs. 2 and 3.

In order to feed the strip forward after each swaging action in the direction shown by the arrow in Fig. 1, two pairs of feed rolls are preferably provided disposed one pair on each side of the dies as regards the passage of the strip between them. The upper roll, w, of each pair is carried in bearings slidably mounted in a suitable frame or housing, 00, and is pressed by adjustable springs, 2, against the lower roll, 2, with which it is connected by gearing, 8. The axle of each lower roll carries a ratchet wheel, at, while loosely mounted on the end of each of these axles is an arm, 5, carrying a pawl, 6, engaging with the teeth of the corresponding ratchet wheel, the two arms being linked together by the coupling rod, 7, so as to move in unison. The pawl arms, 5, receive an oscillating motion by means of a link, 8, pivoted to one of them at one end and at the other end to a pin, slidable for purposes of feed adjustment in the groove, 10, formed in the disk, 11, carried by the rocking shaft, 12, this shaft in turn receiv ing its motion from the main shaft, (1, by means of the disk crank, 13, drag link, 14, and lever, 15. The effect of the continued revolution of the shaft, d, is thus to give an intermittent and uniform feed to the metal strip being operated upon.

Details of the swaging dies are shown on a larger scale in Figs. 4: and 5. The upper swaging die, 16, which is secured to the die carrier, t, in any suitable manner is made relatively long, so that the resistance to end flow of the material may be very great while it tapers off to some extent at each end, as shown at 17, so as to avoid transverse marking of the blades. \Vhen the surfaces of the male and female swaging dies are approximated to their closest extent, they leave a space, 18, (see Fig. 5) exactly representing the section of the blade to be produced. The

lower die block, 19, also serves to co-act with the clamping die, 20, to hold the strip firmly in place during the swaging operation.

The clamping of the strip is performed automatically at the proper moment by means of the mechanism shown in Figs. 2 and 7. A wedge, 22, rests on the clamping die, 20, and is contained within a suitable guide box, 23, so shaped that transverse movement of the wedge operates the clamping die. This transverse movement is given to the wedge by means of the lever, 24:, pivoted at one end to it and fulcrumed about the pin, carried for example, by the bracket, 26. On the other end of the lever is mounted a screw pin, 24 engaging with the groove,

28, in the cam segment, 29, (Figs. 8 and 8 which is itself keyed to the rocking shaft, 12, motion of which thus serves in conjunction with the suitable shaped cam groove, 28, to operate the clamping die intermittently at the proper moment.

The essential operations of the machine are thus automatically performed in cycles of the following nature, viz., clamping, swaging, unclamping and feeding.

Blades thus constructed, if made, for example, of nickel, nickel steel or certain nickel alloys are extremely hard and have the required burnished surface but they may be made of other suitable materials, according to the purpose for which they are to be used, viz., whether they are to stand the high temperatures required in gas turbines, or whether they are for the lower temperatures required in ordinary steam turbine practice.

WVhat I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is 1. In combination in a machine for swaging metal strip, co-acting swaging dies and co-acting clamps for said strip, automatic means for intermittently and positively actuating the same, said means including a rotatable member and separate means connected thereto causing said clamps to hold the strip during the swaging operation, and means for intermittently feeding said strip parallel to itself intermediate of the swaging operations.

2. In combination in a machine for swaging metalstrip, co-acting swaging dies and a rotatable member from which said dies are actuated; an oscillatably mounted member and a connection therefrom to said rotatable member; co-acting clamps and means for feeding said strip together with means operated by said oscillatable member for causing said clamps and feeding means to function alternately.

3. In combination in a machine for swaging turbine blade strip, co-acting swaging dies and a rotatable member from which said dies are actuated; co-acting clamps and izieani r for feegding said strip a connecltlion 14:) 0m sai rotata emem er t0 osci ate a crank (11) and a cam piece (29), andl SEBASTIAN ZIANI DE FERRANTI' means operated from said crank and cam Witnesses:

piece respectively for alternately actuating ALBERT E. PARKER,

said feeding means and said clamps. HENRY H. GUNNING.

In testimony whereof, I aflix my signature in presence of two Witnesses. 

